Grammatical and rhetorical interpretation of twenty Quranic verses containing disputed letters: an analytical study

Abstract

This research presents an analytical and directional study of twenty Qur'anic verses characterized by differing letters across the ten canonical recitations. The study addresses multiple aspects for each verse, including syntactic parsing (I'rab), linguistic derivation of words back to their lexical roots, the semantic meaning of each recitation, and the general significance derived from synthesizing multiple recitations within a single verse to demonstrate how they complement and enrich the exegetical context. Furthermore, the research identifies rhetorical devices, derives legal rulings connected to recitation variants, and covers diverse categories of variance, such as differences in letters, inflectional and non-inflectional movements, and number (singular versus plural). The study concludes that the diversity of Qur'anic recitations is not contradictory, but rather a rich rhetorical and exegetical asset, where each recitation complements the other, granting the Qur'anic text expansive meaning and profound clarity while preserving its unified purpose.