Khayriyah Nasr Amhimmid Abu Naejah. “Mathematical Modeling of Systems With Random Variables: An Analytical Framework for Studying Non-Deterministic Behavior and Its Applications to Improving Academic Achievement”. Al-imad Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences (AJHAS) 2, no. 1 (May 13, 2026): 786–808. Accessed May 14, 2026. https://al-imadjournal.ly/index.php/ajhas/article/view/105.