Fathalla. I. Solman, Amier A Frag, Massoud A. Omar Imaezeg, Omran.A.H Mohamed. Low-cost smart irrigation system based on soil moisture sensing. Al-Imad J. Humanit. Appl. Sci. 2026;2(2):1131-1143. doi:10.64943/ajhas.2026.020279